A transurethral resection (TURBT/TUR) is a surgical procedure that accesses the bladder through the urethra and removes tumors. It is often the first step in treating bladder cancer. It can even be used as a diagnostic procedure. Cystectomy is a surgery that removes the bladder – it can be either partially or completely removed. A partial cystectomy removes only a portion of the bladder, a radical cystectomy removes the entire bladder.